Monday, October 5, 2026

Opening of the Great Northern Railway, Rockhampton, in October 1865

The Guardian (Brisbane) 17 October 1865

GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY. ARRIVAL OF HIS EXCELLENCY.

To the entire satisfaction of the people of Rockhampton, his Excellency Sir G. F. Bowen landed on Tuesday at the Railway wharf about five o'clock in the afternoon. The Platypus was observed steaming up the river, and within a few minutes afterwards arrived at the wharf. The Volunteer Band, which, during the afternoon, had been playing lively selections of music, immediately struck up a march, and continued playing until the vessel was made fast. There then appeared on the quarter deck his Excellency the Governor, Captain Pitt, Aide-de-Camp and Private Secretary to his Excellency, the Hon. Minister for Lands and Works, the Hon. the Colonial Treasurer, Mr. John Douglas, M.L.A., Mr. C. Fitzsimmons, M.L.A., Mr. J. Bramston, M.L.C., with Captain Rundle, Harbour Master, and Mr. W. J. Brown, Sub-Collector of Customs, who had gone down the river to meet his Excellency.

Mr. H. T. Plews, His Worship the Mayor, and the members of the Corporation, the Police Magistrate, and other gentlemen, went on board the Platypus and saluted his Excellency, who shortly afterwards disembarked, the Volunteer band playing the National Anthem, and the Volunteers and Police presenting arms. Cheering from all present followed, and his Excellency, with the Police Magistrate, Captain Pitt, and Mr. Byerley, entered a carriage which was in waiting, and drove to the residence of His Worship the Police Magistrate. The volunteers with the band followed, and on arriving at Mr. Wiseman's residence, Captain White, as commander of the company, was introduced to his Excellency.

Captain White subsequently informed the volunteers that his Excellency appreciated the honor done him by the offer to station guards around his residence, but had no desire for them to do so during his stay in Rockhampton. The company then dispersed.

TURNING OF THE FIRST SOD.

Shortly after the hour of noon yesterday, the first sod of the Great Northern Railway of Queensland was turned by his Excellency Sir George Ferguson Bowen, G.C.M.G. The preparations for the event, organised by the contractors for the work—Messrs. Barry, Bourke, and Munro—in a style worthy of the occasion, were favored to the highest degree by the fineness of the weather. The scene of the inaugural operation was situated within the vicinity of the Railway Offices, and at a short distance from the Rockhampton Gaol, and at its southern extremity a small pavilion had been erected for the purpose of shading his Excellency and quite all the gentlemen who intended presenting addresses to his Excellency. The attendance on the occasion numbered from fifteen hundred to two thousand, and included a large number of ladies.

The Rockhampton Volunteer Rifles having first mustered at the Court-house headed by the band, and under the command of Capt. White, marched on to the ground about twelve o'clock, and fell into position as a guard of honor to his Excellency.

His Excellency accompanied by Captain Pitt (Aide-de-Camp and Private Secretary) and Mr. W. H. Wiseman, P.M., drove on the ground. The Volunteer Band struck up the National Anthem, and his Excellency walked to the small pavilion above referred to. Cheers having been heartily rendered, his Excellency's Private Secretary announced that his Excellency was ready to receive the address from the Rockhampton Corporation.

His Worship the Mayor, Mr. E. P. Livermore, accompanied by the members of the Rockhampton Municipal Council, then advanced, and his worship the Mayor read the following address:—

“To his Excellency Sir George Ferguson Bowen, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George, Captain General and Governor-in-chief of the Colony of Queensland and its Dependencies, and Vice-Admiral of the same, &c., &c., &c.

“May it please your Excellency,

“We the Mayor and Aldermen of the Municipality of Rockhampton, beg to approach your Excellency with assurance of loyalty and devotion towards Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, and with feelings of the greatest respect towards the person of your Excellency as Her Majesty's representative in this the land of our adoption. On the part of our fellow townsmen and ourselves, we feel it to be our duty, on this occasion to convey to your Excellency the expression of our deep appreciation of the importance of the work to be commenced to-day, a work calculated to foster and extend our prosperity as well as to advance the cause of civilization and science.

“The immense advantages likely to accrue to a district such as this by the introduction of Railway Communication, as evidenced by the rapid strides made by Victoria and New South Wales, and we, therefore, deem it useless to comment upon them.

“It becomes our pleasant duty on behalf of the town and district to offer your Excellency our congratulations upon the auspicious ceremony in which your Excellency has condescended to take so prominent a part, the remembrance of which will ever be fresh in our minds.

“We would beg of your Excellency to accept our heartfelt thanks for your presence amongst us, coupled with the assurance that the people of Northern Queensland claim a place in the front rank of loyal subjects of our beloved Sovereign.

“In conclusion, we beg to offer to your Excellency our warmest wishes that you and Lady Bowen may long continue to occupy your high position in our colony; that you may enjoy true felicity in the happiness and prosperity of those you govern; and that when circumstances shall have called you away from our colony that your reminiscences of Queensland may be brightened by the knowledge that during your period of government the progress of the colony was rapid—telegraphic and railway lines, together with other public works of great importance, were initiated and carried to success; that your presence in all parts of the colony was hailed with pleasure, and that your departure was looked upon with unfeigned regret.”

To which his Excellency read the following reply:—

“To the Mayor and Corporation of Rockhampton.

“Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen,—I thank you for this loyal address, and for the hearty welcome which has been accorded to me on this, as on my former visits, to the chief town of Central and Northern Queensland.

“When I first saw Rockhampton, in 1860, it was a small hamlet of wooden huts, with scarcely five hundred inhabitants, who had recently settled down in the primeval wilderness. I recollect well that what Lord Macaulay has termed ‘a rude kind of patriarchal justice, which was, however, better than no justice at,’ was then administered in a canvas tent, whenever a magistrate might happen to attend. On my second visit, in 1862, your population had trebled, and the hamlet had grown up into a thriving township, with about fifteen hundred inhabitants. Now, on this, my third visit, I learn with much pleasure that your population has again more than trebled during the brief interval that has elapsed since my second visit. I see around me a flourishing town of nearly five thousand inhabitants, with public buildings of every kind—churches, schools, a Mechanic's Institute, a Post-office, a Telegraph Office, and numerous banks and warehouses. I find a Judge of the Supreme Court surrounded by the leading members of the colonial bar, holding the assizes for Northern Queensland, in a commodious and substantial Court-house. I am welcomed by a Mayor and Aldermen; and I remark with great satisfaction in the wharves which line your noble river, in the well ordered streets of your town, and in the other signs of material prosperity—the rapid progress of those advantages which Municipal Self-Government, when prudently and vigorously administered, is certain to confer.

“I entirely agree with you, Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen, in attaching high importance to the great public work which is to be initiated this day. It is acknowledged in every quarter that the most pressing need of the entire colony is the improvement of our internal communications. With this object, the Colonial Parliament has decided that trunk lines of railway shall be carried into the interior, one for the Southern Districts, from the head of the navigation of Moreton Bay, and one for the Northern Districts, from the head of the navigation of Keppel Bay. It is well known that in 1862, in consequence of my urgent representations, the Imperial Government annexed to our Northern territory, an additional area, larger than the United Kingdom; and that during several years, I have spared no exertion to push on two enterprises calculated to be of great advantage to the interests of the North. I mean the establishment of steam communication through Torres Straits, and the extension of the Electric Telegraph from Rockhampton to our North Western frontier, where it will meet the international line, which will ultimately connect Australia with Asia and Europe. Both these projects received the sanction of the Colonial Legislature in its last session, and both will be carried into execution forthwith by my constitutional ministers.

“I am emboldened to refer briefly to my own exertions by the gratifying language of your address, from which I learn with much satisfaction that the manner in which I have performed my duty has earned your confidence. Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen, and that of the important Municipality which you represent. You express the hope that I may long continue to occupy my present position: and you may rest assured that so long as our Sovereign shall be pleased to employ my poor services in this colony, I shall follow exactly the same course in every respect, that I have pursued hitherto, and which has gained for me the loyal support of the Colonial Parliament; and, indeed, as I am informed in all parts of Queensland, (and in addresses similar in language to that now presented by you), the respect and regard of the educated and independent portion of my fellow-countrymen here, of all political parties, and of all social classes. If any reward at all were required for public labours, I have fully received that reward in the rapid but solid progress of this colony, and in the high reputation which Queensland enjoys in the mother country.

“Rockhampton, 27th Sept., 1865.”

Addresses were then presented to his Excellency from the Oddfellows' society, and the committee of the School of Arts, to which his Excellency read suitable replies.

Mr. H. T. Plews, Chief Engineer of the Great Northern Railway then addressed his Excellency to the following effect:—

“To his Excellency Sir George Ferguson Bowen, K.G.C.M.G., &c., &c.

“May it please your Excellency,

“As a resident of Rockhampton and of Northern Queensland, and as one feeling a deep interest in the prosperity of the whole colony, I respectfully desire to welcome your Excellency to Rockhampton, on this your third visit, and to express my most earnest congratulations, that on this occasion you have visited us to inaugurate the extension to these districts, of that system of Railways which your Excellency and your Excellency's Government have, with wisdom and true enlightenment, pronounced the best means for developing the vast resources of this large colony.

“As the engineer to whom you have entrusted the planning and construction of this, the ‘Great Northern Railway of Queensland,’ I desire to lay before your Excellency the following data regarding the line, and especially that portion of it, the construction of which your Excellency will this day commence:—

“The Great Northern Railway will run from Rockhampton nearly due west into the interior, passing through the townships of Stanwell, Westwood, Gogango, and Gainford, on the River Dawson, &c., in the Port Curtis District, traversing the extensive district of the Leichhardt, it is proposed, shall eventually reach the township of Springsure, or the township of Clermont, Peak Downs, or both, the first distant from Rockhampton about 190 miles, and the second about 220 miles; and besides giving the benefits of cheap and regular carriage, and largely developing the material resources of the districts named, will offer the facilities of conveyance and communication, now so much wanted from and to the rising district of the Mitchell and the southern portion of the Kennedy.

“The first section from Rockhampton to Westwood, the construction of which has been sanctioned by the Legislature, and the first sod of which will this day be cut by your Excellency, is thirty miles in length. The gauge, as you are aware, will be the same as that adopted in the southern portion of the colony, namely, three feet six inches. The gradients obtained are good, the steepest gradient is one in fifty, but that only in three short lengths of 5½, 53, and 63 chains respectively, all within a distance of five miles from Westwood; the country which to that point from Rockhampton is tolerably level, rising thence rapidly till, at the twenty-eighth mile, where the line crosses the range dividing the counties of Livingstone and Pakington, it attains a summit level of 600 feet above the wharf at Rockhampton.

“The curves I have been able to obtain are all easy, the sharpest, which is on the spot where we now stand, and close to the terminal station, being twenty chains radius.

“The line from quarter of a mile from Rockhampton, to the four and a-half mile stake crosses a very level and rather low country, subject to inundation by backwater from the River Fitzroy, for a few days during times of flood,—and besides crossing Middle Creek, Neerkol Creek—twice, Stewart's Creek, and Well Station Creek three times,—runs for a considerable distance through a narrow valley corrugated with numerous small watercourses now dry, but all carrying large volumes of water during the short continuance of a tropical storm. Provision has thus had to be made throughout by means of flood viaducts and large bridges and culverts for a water-way, of much greater extent than is usual, and to raise the rail level in every part by piles or embankments above the highest known flood mark. The unprecedented floods of March, 1864, have by giving me the highest flood marks ever known, enabled me to do this with certainty.

“Thus, during the three months of the year (the rainy season), when, usually travelling over the ordinary bush roads is all but impossible, and during which all traffic from and to the interior is at a stand still—passengers and goods will be carried with the same safety and certainty as at other portions of the year. In this alone, the benefit conferred by the railway will be manifest and great.

“The line, although light and cheap, will be constructed with every care, and in a strong and substantial manner. The rolling stock now being constructed in England, under the superintendence of Sir Charles Fox and Sons, will be light, but strong; the carriages roomy, well-ventilated and suited to the climate; and the locomotives fitted with all the most recent improvements—light, but sufficiently powerful, to be fully up to all the work required of them.

“The contractors, Messrs. Barry, Bourke, and Munro, are not untried men, having constructed the line from Sandhurst to Echuca in Victoria, and completed it to the satisfaction of the Government of that colony. They have undertaken to have the first section completed on the 1st day of May, 1867, when I trust we may have the happiness of again welcoming your Excellency to open it for public traffic.

“The survey of the second section, from Westwood to Gainford, in the River Dawson, is being prosecuted, and will be finished and the plans ready to lay before the Legislature early next session.

“That a single doubt can still linger in the minds of any, that your Excellency and the Government have not adopted, in a cheap and light system of Railways the best and most economical means, which under the present circumstances of the colony you could possibly adopt—to open up the country and develope its now dormant resources, by facilities of carriage and communication; I will not believe, whilst published traffic receipts on that short portion of the Southern and Western Line from Ipswich to Bigge's Camp, since its opening must carry conviction to all that the calculations of the Government, as to the returns, will not be fallacious, and that these railways will be reproductive in so far as they will, even from the first, pay their working expenses. This is a direct return, more than we ever anticipate or look for from the roads, however much we may expend upon them.

“The indirect returns in the increased revenue of the colony will be very large, and will year by year increase, but can scarcely at present be estimated, and it is only reasonable that they should, for some time at least, bear the burden of the annual interest on the capital expended in construction.

“With regard to this line of railway, it will in all probability, even if stopped at Westwood, pay its working expenses; but, if continued thirty miles further, i.e., to Gainford, on the River Dawson, I feel confidence in asserting, from estimates which I have laid before the Government, that it will at once pay the working expenses, and in every probability return a small percentage on the capital expended besides; and I hold the opinion that it will well pay the colony to push it on still further into the interior.

HENRY T. PLEWS,

Chief Engineer for Northern Railways.”

Mr. Plews then said, “I have respectfully to request your Excellency to inaugurate the work of the Great Northern Railway by turning the first sod.”

His Excellency replied:—

“To the Engineer of the Great Northern Railway of Queensland.

“Mr. Plews and Gentlemen,

“I have listened with much interest to the address just read by the Engineer of the Northern Railway of Queensland, and to the details so clearly stated by him of the great work which is to be initiated to-day. I think that every confidence may be placed in Mr. Plews' vigilant superintendence, and on the zeal and energy of the experienced contractors, Messrs. Barry, Bourke, and Munro, who have been so successful in carrying out similar works elsewhere. I feel sure that in good time I shall have the satisfaction of congratulating these gentlemen on the completion of the first section of the Northern Railway.

“When I opened, a few weeks ago, the first section of the Southern Railway, I addressed a few words of friendly sympathy to the artisans and working men, who by the successful labor of many a hard day's toil, had raised a structure scarcely more honorable to the heads that had planned than to the hands that had executed it. I wish to follow this precedent on the present occasion. I trust that the men employed here will emulate their fellow-workmen on the southern line in preserving good order, and that respect for the law which is one of the most promising characteristics of our English race. I would remind them that, in a new country, the respective claims of capital and labour should adjust themselves according to the national law of demand and supply, without any of those artificial disturbances, which, in older societies, have often caused results so disastrous to the interests alike of the capitalist and of the labourer. I would remind them further, that under the expansive freedom of our Colonial Institutions, even more surely than in the parent isle, England opens for all her sons a cheering prospect of wealth and fame, to genius combined with virtue and industry.

“Finally, I earnestly pray, that the ceremony of this day may prove auspicious to all concerned. May the important public work now commenced realise all the hopes of its promoters, and endure throughout the great future of the Northern Districts of Queensland, a source of permanent and ever increasing prosperity.

“Rockhampton, 27th September, 1865.”

His Excellency then proceeded to perform the ceremony, and having lifted with the shovel a sod of earth into the barrow, trundled it along an inclined plane, and having emptied the barrow of its contents, brought it back to its former position. At this stage of the proceedings, the crowd rushed in, and somewhat hampered the concluding portion of the proceedings. His Excellency on turning the sod, called for cheers for Her Majesty the Queen, and the Mayor and Corporation of Rockhampton. Cheers were accordingly given, and further cheering was given for the Great Northern Railway, His Excellency the Governor, Lady Bowen, the Hon. Mr. Macalister, and Mr. H. T. Plews.

CONTRACTORS' DEJEUNER.

After the proceedings connected with the ceremony had been completed, His Excellency and about one hundred and forty gentlemen, sat down to a sumptuous déjeuner, provided by the contractors, Messrs. Barry, Bourke, and Munro.

The Hon. the Minister for Lands and Works occupied the chair, and was supported on his right by His Excellency the Governor. The vice-chair was filled by his Worship the Mayor. There were also present the hon. the Colonial Treasurer, Mr. Bramston, M.L.C., Mr. Douglas, M.L.A., Mr. Fitzsimmons, M.L.A., Mr. H. T. Plews, the Police Magistrate, the Sub-collector of Customs, the District Surveyors and several other Government officials, clergymen of various denominations, bankers, merchants, storekeepers, and others.

On the table being cleared—

The Chairman rose and said that he begged to propose a toast. He would, however, first offer an apology as a mark of justice to himself, for his appearance in his present position as chairman. Those present were aware that the firm contracting for the performance of the formation of the Great Northern Railway, consisted of three gentlemen, Messrs. Barry, Rourke, and Munro, and they fancied that they would be placed in a rather awkward position by having three chairmen. Having been consulted for the purpose on the then occupied, he proposed the health of the greatest sovereign in the world—Her Majesty the Queen—whose many virtues were displayed on all occasions, and in her interviews with her subjects.

The toast was most loyally acknowledged.

The Chairman again invited all to fill their glasses, and join him in drinking the health of the Prince of Wales, and gave with it the Princess of Wales and the rest of the Royal Family.

The toast was suitably acknowledged.

The Vice-Chairman on rising, said that there was one toast which nothing that he could say would enhance its worth. He proposed the health of his Excellency Sir George Ferguson Bowen, Governor of Queensland. They were very happy to receive his Excellency in Rockhampton on such an occasion, to perform the interesting ceremony that had been gone through. They had received him, he (the Vice-Chairman) was happy to say, on an occasion that formed a great era in the prosperity of Rockhampton, and they might, at no distant time have the honor of receiving him at the opening of the Great Northern Railway.

The toast was drunk with all honors.

His Excellency, on rising, was received with continued cheering. He said that he thanked his friend, the Mayor of Rockhampton, for the kind terms in which he had proposed his health, and thanked all present for the hearty manner in which they had responded to the proposal. He assured them that it was with sincere pleasure that he had accepted the invitation to perform so interesting and important a ceremony upon that day, and thus for him to visit once more the metropolis of Central and Northern Queensland. If there were any merit consequent upon the occasion, he could assure them that in this case, as in many others, virtue was its own reward. But it was always gratifying for a public officer to be so warmly welcomed by so many of his independent and educated fellow-countrymen.

A sportive friend of his once remarked, that a chairman at a public dinner was like a “bagged” fox, which, as soon as he had recovered mind, was let out again for the diversion of those present on the occasion. Now, it struck him that the Governor was something like a bagged fox too, for he had already made four speeches before lunch, and he then saw that he was set down for at least a couple more. He felt so refreshed and invigorated after partaking of the repast that their munificent hosts had placed before them, that he was ready to perform any amount of public duty (cheers and laughter), and especially so after all the pleasure that he derived from the address, expressing loyalty to their sovereign and good feeling to himself, of the good people of Rockhampton.

There could be no doubt as to the importance of the work that they had inaugurated, or the part they had to enter into detail of their plans and course of operation. In every country it was the duty of the Executive to carry out the wishes of the people—that was, the wishes of the people expressed in Parliament by the people's representatives; and the Queensland Parliament had most unanimously decided that it was desirable to improve the internal communications of the colony, and the best mode of improving the internal communication of the colony was to lay down iron roads. They proposed having one line of communication from the head of the waters of Keppel Bay in the Northern Districts of the colony, and another in the Southern Districts of the colony from the head of Moreton Bay. He thought, seeing so many Members of Parliament around him, and amongst those the two gentlemen who so ably and so worthily represented the town and district, that he had a right to take that opportunity of publicly stating that, in his opinion, the Queensland Parliament desire to deal impartially with the Northern and Southern Districts of the colony. The Assembly held the purse strings of the Government, and the North, if they chose, could hold the balance in the Assembly.

The present atmosphere there (in the pavilion) was so parliamentary (laughter) that he hoped he would not be transgressing the standing orders by stating that they were well represented by their Scotch and Irish members; other constituencies were lucky if they had but one representative of Great Britain, but in the present instance they were fortunate enough to possess two. They had the fervour, the ability, and patriotism of both gentlemen to advocate their wants.

He would therefore conclude (No, no) with the prayer that the great work might prosper, and might realise all that was expected of it; that it might prosper, and might secure to the Northern districts a permanent and never-ceasing prosperity.

His Excellency resumed his seat amidst continued applause.

Mr. Fitzsimmons next said that he would at once propose “Success to the Great Northern Railway of Queensland.”

The toast was drunk.

The Vice-Chairman then proposed the “Health of the Ministry and Parliament of Queensland.”

The toast was duly honored.

The Chairman, in rising to respond to this toast, was received with loud cheers. He said he felt great pleasure in rising for the purpose of returning thanks for the very great honor done to himself and his colleagues by the Mayor of Rockhampton, in proposing his and their healths upon this auspicious occasion. He felt a pride as well as a pleasure in alluding to the public works initiated and begun by the present Government of Queensland—works which he fervently hoped he would ere long see fully and successfully terminated, and which would, he firmly believed, ultimately prove of inestimable value to this young, vigorous, and enterprising colony. (Cheers.)

He felt proud of the honor done to him in drinking his health, and a still greater pride in meeting the people of Rockhampton upon this eminently auspicious occasion. (Cheers.) The commencement of a railway to open up the country from Rockhampton would unquestionably be hereafter looked upon as a very great event in the annals of the colony. But the people of Rockhampton who would be greatly benefitted by this important public work, had not himself, but the present “Railway Parliament of Queensland” to thank for the fact of its commencement—that they had that day witnessed. (Cheers.)

It had often been asserted, and was of the present day the main argument made use of by those who were opposed to the development and improvement by the Government of the Northern Districts, that they could not be made reproductive—in other words—that the Northern Districts were not yet sufficiently advanced to need public works, such as a railway, or the electric telegraph; and that such works could not be made capable even of paying their working expenses in this portion of the colony. He would tell the people of Rockhampton that he had turned a deaf ear to arguments and assertions such as these which he knew had no foundation whatever, except in the prejudiced minds of those detractors of the Northern Districts who could not—because they would not, see any advancement or progress made in those districts which they never visited, and therefore knew little or nothing about. (Loud cheers.)

They had that day heard the facts stated in the address of the Engineer-in-Chief of the Northern Railway to His Excellency. Those facts which could not be gainsaid or controverted, showed clearly that this line would pay not only its working expenses but the interest of the money spent in its construction. Every line of railway should at least do this; and he felt quite positive that the Great Northern line which they were now met to inaugurate would do this, and even after a short time.

He had been at considerable pains to collect information with respect to the line of railway about to be commenced, the result of which was that he fully anticipated that in the course of two or three years, at the furthest, it would pay its working expenses, and also yield an average interest on the capital expended. He had been credibly informed that even eighteen months in some instances had been occupied in the carriage of wool from a station. What a boon then a railway line will be in such a district. Economy was synonymous with speedy transit. It was the delays met with in the conveyance of the wool to the market which formed the greater part of the expenses incurred by the squatters.

Now there was a fair hope that those expenses would be considerably lessened. He was of opinion that any colony or state which expended its money on the formation, or what might be termed the improvement of bush roads in preference to constructing a good and serviceable railway, would not fail to go to the dogs. The capital required to maintain such roads could not fail in time to be eaten up by the interest payable on the money borrowed to form the roads. Although he was well aware that there were many who differed from his views respecting the advantages of railway communication between the sea coast and the interior, he still held that the establishment of the “iron horse,” which might be termed the railway policy of the present Government, was the principal and most important of their public acts, the true value of which would, he believed, be hereafter more fully appreciated. (Cheers.)

The honourable gentleman here resumed his seat, amid much cheering and general calls for “Mr. Douglas,” which were repeated again and again.

Mr Douglas's speech

Mr Douglas, who on rising was greeted with loud and prolonged cheers from all parts of the pavilion, said:—He was hardly prepared to answer the toast which had been proposed, inasmuch as he did not belong to the present Government. (A voice: “Your time's coming, old fellow.” Loud cheers.)

A great statesman, one of the present day, Mr Disraeli, had observed that “Ministers were the accidents of history.” (Cheers.) Now, they sometimes had read of “melancholy accidents” (laughter), and occasionally of “shocking accidents” (renewed laughter), and “dreadful accidents”; but he sincerely hoped they would not connect the present Ministers by any of these epithets with such accidents. (Laughter.)

They had no doubt often likewise heard of “happy accidents,” and of fortuitous accidents; and such possibly might be said of those gentlemen who formed the Ministry of the day. Such was, he knew well, frequently said by those who aspired to high offices.

It was perhaps because he represented the views and opinions of the people of Rockhampton that they now called upon him to respond to the toast which had been proposed, viz., “that of the Parliament of Queensland.” (Loud cheers.) He was proud to see that he still retained the unabated confidence of the people of the town, after the late parliamentary campaign. (Renewed cheers.)

They must remember, however, that a representative and legislator, such as they had elected and chosen him to be, was hardly the same sort of animal as a Minister. It was true that, as their representative, he had at times been fit to hold a different opinion from the Ministry, with respect to the railway question; but, nevertheless, he would freely admit that the people of the North were very much indebted to the present Minister for Lands and Works for the great and manifold advantages they were about to derive from that same railway policy.

That Minister possessed more than ordinary foresight, for he was perhaps more than an ordinary man who foresaw the importance of early developing the resources of this colony, by at once opening up the country, and giving advantages to the rapid, easy, and economical transmission of goods into the interior, and the carriage of wool to the seaports.

Understanding well the extreme importance of such a measure, and seeing that the welfare and prosperity of the colony was concerned in its adoption, he lost no time in carrying out his views, and soon had the satisfaction of seeing his project adopted and successfully undertaken.

It was to the Minister for Lands and Works, more than to any one else, that the colony was indebted for the Southern Railways, respecting the success of which he had invariably manifested the most indefatigable zeal and assiduity. It now only remained for him to exhibit an equal amount of zeal and care respecting the Great Northern Railway. (Loud cheers.)

If he (the Minister) was only prepared to do the same for this railway, as he had done for the Southern line, the issue must be successful. (Cheers.) The chairman had told them he fully believed that this line constructed as far as Westwood, would pay, not only its working expenses, but interest upon the capital expended. If that were the case, how much more then it justified the Government in pushing it still further out. (Loud cheers.)

Then it would undoubtedly prove an inestimable boon to the country residents. He had heard with extreme satisfaction the promise made here by the Minister for Lands and Works, that he would carry this railway beyond Westwood, and he (Mr Douglas) would certainly hereafter claim from him in the House the fulfilment of that promise (Loud cheers.)

The Vice-Chairman had, in the course of his speech, alluded to the desirability of having this railway extended as far as Springsure. It seemed obvious, even now, to think and speak of the possibility of such a thing, when it was remembered that only some five years or so ago the place itself was not in existence, or rather, he would say, was uninhabited save by blacks. What would have been thought of such a project being undertaken in five years only, that short period since. Well, if five short years had accomplished such a truly wonderful change, was it too much to expect that another five years would witness the entire completion of this railway.

A friend of his sitting near him whispered to him, “Why not carry it to the Gulf?” (Cheers.) Well, he ventured to hope he might yet live to see even that scheme an accomplished fact. (Loud cheers.)

There could be no question respecting the immense advantages to be derived by the colony from such a railway. It would, for one thing, place us almost in contact with the great Eastern Nations of the Globe, and would only complete what the telegraph had already begun. An important trade will probably in a few years hence spring up between this colony and those nations; a trade which might ultimately rival in extent that created by the late gold discoveries on this continent.

He went so far as to say he anticipated the carrying out of a line of railway to the Gulf before many years were passed, although it seemed a wild project at the present moment. It must be remembered that the railway followed the telegraph wire, which would soon stretch to the Gulf and soon would place us in almost instant communication with India and Europe. The advantages which would accrue to this colony from this fact alone would be incalculable.

He would not detain them any longer, but would simply, on the part of Mr Fitzsimmons, his colleague, and on behalf of the Parliament of Queensland in general, thank them for the kind manner in which their healths had been drank.

The chairman now proposed the health of the ladies of Queensland, connecting with the toast the name of Lady Bowen. (Loud cheers.) Had it not been that her health would not permit her to undertake the voyage, Lady Bowen would have had the greatest pleasure in accompanying his Excellency to Rockhampton. (Cheers.)

His Excellency, in rising to return thanks on behalf of Lady Bowen, said he sincerely regretted that her health prevented her from enjoying the pleasure it would otherwise have afforded her of meeting the people of Rockhampton. It was she who turned the sod of the first railway of Queensland.

The Chairman then proposed the health of the Mayor and Corporation of Rockhampton.

The Mayor returned thanks on behalf of the corporation.

Mr. Feez proposed the health of the Colonial Treasurer, the Hon. J. P. Bell, and complimented the hon. gentleman upon the occasion of his first visit to Rockhampton, stating that his well-known integrity, honesty, and uprightness, both in public and private life, had gained him considerable popularity in the Northern portion of the colony, which he hoped would be benefitted by his presence here as a Minister of the Crown, his department being one, that if judiciously managed, would “fill all our pockets.”

The Hon. the Colonial Treasurer, in a brief and very agreeable speech, returned thanks for the honor paid to him. The people of Rockhampton, he said, had their traducers as well as others better known to fame, but a personal visit was only necessary to cause their good qualities to be known and justly appreciated. His visit on this occasion was one of duty, but it was an exceedingly pleasurable duty as he had already found. There was a time when the present Government certainly did not look to Rockhampton, for its compliments, but matters had agreeably changed since then, and Rockhampton was now better known, and more thought of.

Mr. Munro (of the firm of Barry, Bourke, and Munro), proposed the health of the Chairman and Vice-Chairman, which having been drank and duly responded to, the company broke up.

Douglas and the sale of cattle at Tooloombah - October 1865

Rockhampton Bulletin and Central Queensland Advertiser, 5 October 1865, p. 3, report of proceedings on Wednesday, 4 October.

DOUGLAS v. WARD.—BREACH OF AGREEMENT.

This was an action brought by John Douglas, M.L.A., against John Ward, butcher, of this town, for breach of agreement. The damages were laid at £600.

Mr. Jones, together with Mr. Bramston, and Mr. Paul, instructed by Mr. C. S. Dick, appeared for the plaintiff; and Mr. Pring, together with Mr. Cooper, instructed by Mr. Thomas Clark, for the defendant.

The jury empanelled to try the case consisted of Messrs. Budden, Mulligan, Morgan, and Palmer.

The agreement, the subject of the action, was to the effect that John Ward agreed “to purchase fat bullocks from D. W. Armstrong, as agent for John Douglas, for the period of six months, at an average rate of fifty head (50) per month,” and in consideration agreed to pay “£3 per head for every head of fat bullocks so delivered. The above-mentioned stock to be approved of at Tooloombah, by John Ward or his agent,” and “to be delivered at Tooloombah stockyard by D. W. Armstrong, as agent for John Douglas. Terms cash, on delivery. First draft to be taken (not less than fifty head) by John Ward or by his agent, on or about December 10th, 1864. The agreement was dated November 11th, 1864, Rockhampton, and signed by John Ward, and D. W. Armstrong, agent for John Douglas.”

Mr. Paul read the declaration of action, dated 8th August, 1865, which stated that although plaintiff was always ready and willing to submit fat cattle to the defendant or his agent, for approval, and to deliver such cattle to the defendant or his agent, according to the terms of the above agreement, yet the defendant did not either himself or his agent, go to Tooloombah to approve and take delivery of the cattle, whereby plaintiff incurred expense in keeping the said cattle, and in re-selling the same, and also a loss upon the re-sale. The declaration contained the usual counts for goods bargained and sold, and for moneys payable and found to be due by defendant. The pleas filed were as follows:—As to the two first counts of the declaration that defendant did not promise and agree as alleged; and for a second plea to the first count, defendant said that plaintiff was not ready and willing to submit fat cattle to him or his agent for approval, and to deliver such cattle to him or his agent as alleged; and for a third plea to the first count he stated that he did not, by himself or his agent, neglect or refuse to go to Tooloombah to approve and take delivery of the said cattle, as alleged in that count; and for a fourth plea to the second count defendant said all conditions of the agreement were not on the part of plaintiff fulfilled, and that plaintiff was not able, ready, or willing to deliver the said cattle, although defendant for his part was ready and willing to accept the said cattle; and for a fifth plea to the residue of the declaration, defendant said that he never was indebted as alleged. The plaintiff in his replication joined issue upon the defendant’s pleas.

Mr. Jones, in opening the plaintiff’s case to the jury, stated that his client had by reason of the defendant’s breach of the agreement suffered an actual loss of £176 10s. 3d. which he made up in this way, viz.:—128 head of cattle sold by auction at £2 5s. per head, £288; less cost of advertising sale, £2 2s.; auctioneer’s commission, £14 8s.; Mr. Feez’s commission as agent (two per cent), £6 15s. 3d.; expenses of three men and three horses for twelve days, £12; Mr. Armstrong’s expenses on two journeys of 200 miles each, £10; Mr. Dick’s professional costs, £5 5s.; and, assuming that the 100 head of cattle not taken delivery of would realise 45s. per head, which would be £225, less advertising and commission as before, £35 would leave £190, which added to £237 9s. 9d. (the above sums added together) would make £427 9s. 9d.; the actual loss being the difference between this sum and £604, which according to the agreement plaintiff should have received from defendant for 228 head of cattle at £3 per head.

His Honor ruled that Mr. Dick’s professional charges could not be taken into account by the plaintiff in making his claim, and

Mr. Jones accordingly abandoned this portion of the claim. He then called

David W. Armstrong, who being sworn, deposed: He was superintendent and manager of plaintiff’s station at Tooloombah; in the month of November last he made an agreement with defendant; the terms of that agreement were reduced to writing; the document produced was the agreement in question; it was signed by himself and by the defendant; it bore date the 11th of November. (Agreement read.) The agreement was made in Rockhampton; he then returned to the station, and was there on the 10th December; on that day he mustered, and got in, fifty fat bullocks, and kept them in a stock-yard day and night, expecting that Mr. Ward or his agent would come for them; no one came for them, and he therefore turned them into a paddock, where he kept them for four or five days; no one came to take them, either during those days, or at any time during the month; on the 10th of the following month he took 100 head of fat cattle from their usual feeding ground, and kept them near the camp, so as to be ready for delivery to the defendant; neither Mr. Ward, or his agent, or any one came for the cattle once during that month; in the latter part of the month witness went down to Rockhampton, where he saw Mr. Ward; Tooloombah is 100 miles distant from Rockhampton; he spoke to defendant respecting the cattle being ready for him, and Mr. Ward said he would come up for them; in the course of conversation, witness said he could let him (defendant) have the 300 head of cattle all at once if he liked, upon which defendant said he was not ready for them, but that he would send up Mr. Dickers for what he wanted; on the 14th February Mr. Dickers came up to the station, and took seventy-two head of cattle; witness, at that time, could have delivered 400 head of fat cattle; Mr. Dickers said that Mr. Ward had instructed him not to take more than about seventy head, and that he was not authorised to take more; he (Mr. Dickers) did not object to the quality of these seventy-two cattle; witness handed to Mr. Dickers a written notice on the same day (14th February), that the remainder of the cattle were in readiness for him (defendant) to take away, and if not removed, would be held at his risk. (Copy of notice put in and read.) Witness was at that time ready to deliver the whole of the cattle to defendant; in the following month (March), the cattle were also in readiness to be delivered; no one came during that month on behalf of the defendant, to take delivery of the cattle; in the following month (April) 128 head of fat cattle were sent down by him to Rockhampton for sale, at defendant’s risk; during the month of March no one on behalf of Mr. Ward, came to take delivery of the cattle; these 128 fat bullocks were the same cattle that should have been taken by defendant in the previous month; previous to sending the cattle away, witness called in Mr. M‘Gusty to inspect the bullocks, and see that they were fat cattle; he (witness) did not go down with the cattle, which were taken by a Mr. Maginty; two men accompanied him, to assist him in driving them, and he took three horses; three men and three horses were, in his opinion, necessary to drive the cattle; they were absent about twelve days; he estimated the services of these men at £1 per man, each day, which would be £36; witness remained on the station. On the 10th April a Mr. Luck, who he said he was Mr. Ward’s agent, came to the station and asked for fifty head of fat bullocks; witness told him that, if he was prepared to pay for the whole number of cattle then due to Mr. Ward, he was prepared to deliver them; Mr. Luck said he was not prepared to pay for the whole number; he produced an order from Mr. Ward, to authorise the delivery to him of fifty head of cattle. (Order produced and read.)

By the Court: Mr. Luck did not tender to him any money in the shape of coin, bank notes, cheques, or any security for money, in payment for the fifty head of cattle which he required.

By Mr. Bramston: No one came to the station during the month of May, on behalf of defendant; by the 10th of that month cattle had fallen in price, and would not fetch £2 10s. per head, at the station; in the month of May, at any time, he could have delivered at the yards 100 head of fat cattle, had they been required; he could, and was prepared to have delivered a similar number of cattle at the stock-yard, during the previous month; in his opinion, cattle would be depreciated by being driven from Tooloombah to Rockhampton; the depreciation, he should estimate at seven shillings per head; the market price of these cattle, at plaintiff’s stock-yard, on the 10th April, would be £2 10s.; on the 10th March he presumed the price would be the same; on the 10th February the market price would be £2 15s., and the same on the 10th January; on the 10th December, 1864, the market price would be £3.

Cross-examined by Mr. Pring: He went down to Rockhampton in the end of January, at which time two lots of cattle should have been delivered; Mr. Dickers arrived on the 6th February; he took delivery of the cattle on the 14th February; witness was not on the station when Mr. Dickers arrived, nor was he there on the 10th February; the cattle were in the yards on the 14th February, on which day witness arrived; Mr. Dickers did not object to witness to take delivery of the bullocks on the ground, that they were not fat cattle; he made no such objections to witness; he remembered when Mr. Luck came up; he made no objections to the quality or condition of the cattle.

Arnold Maginty, examined by Mr. Jones, deposed: He resided at Mr. Douglas’ station, at Tooloombah; he was overseer on the station; he remembered in April last bringing some cattle from that station; he was sent by Mr. Armstrong; there was one hundred and twenty-eight head; he drove these cattle to the Nine-mile Waterhole, near Rockhampton; they were good sound fat cattle; they were sold to John Bennett by auction; he was present at the auction; the cattle brought £2 5s. per head.

By Mr. Pring: On his oath he did say that these bullocks were fat cattle, fit for a butcher; he had been three years and a half on the station; cattle would not depreciate more on that station than on any other; he did not think these cattle were worth as much in February, March, and April, as they were in the previous months of December and January; the cattle did, in his opinion, depreciate in value after the month of January, on account of the dry weather; in the month of March the market value of these cattle was pretty near the same as in the previous months; there was not much depreciation in their value during the months of February, March, April, and May.

Re-examined by Mr. Jones: During those months the condition of the cattle was much the same, but he did not know the difference in their market value in that period.

The next witness called was

Robert M‘Gusty, who was examined by Mr. Paul: He was at Tooloombah in April last; he had had experience in the buying and selling of fat cattle; in the month of April last he was shown a mob of cattle on the Tooloombah Station; he was told there was 120 head; it was, he believed, the 7th April; the cattle shown him were fat cattle, of pretty good quality, and fit for the butcher; they were not what is called “rolling fat,” or fit for boiling down, but of average quality.

Mills Wormald, auctioneer of this town, proved having sold on the 15th April last, at the Nine-mile Water-hole, 131 head of fat cattle, on account of Mr. John Ward, by instructions received by witness from Mr. A. Feez; his charges were five per cent on the sale; the advertising charges would be about fifteen shillings in addition; he sold the cattle for forty-five shillings per head.

By Mr. Pring: He understood the cattle were sent by Mr. Armstrong; he saw Mr. Maginty at the sale; he could have sold these cattle by instructions from Mr. Maginty as well as from Mr. Feez; these were not prime fat cattle; a portion of them only were in his opinion fit for the butcher; the market price of fat cattle at Rockhampton, at that time, was from £3 to £3 10s. per head.

Thomas Gordon, examined by Mr. Jones, said: He was a cattle dealer; he remembered seeing a mob of cattle belonging to Mr. Douglas at the Nine-Mile Water-hole, on the 13th or 14th April last, which were sold by auction by Mr. Wormald; he considered them all fat cattle, with the exception of some four or five.

By the Court: they were all, with the exception of four or five fit for killing—fit for the table.

Henry James Dickers, examined by Mr. Pring, said: He knew the defendant; he remembered being sent up by him to the Tooloombah station in February last; he arrived at the station on or about the 10th February; he saw no cattle in the yard when he came; he went with a stockman to muster the cattle, and drove in about one thousand head the first day he was on the station; he let these cattle remain in the yard, and on the following day brought in about twenty head more; in all he brought in about 1100 head; of these he selected and approved seventy-two; this was before he saw Mr. Armstrong; he rejected all the other cattle; he did not tell Mr. Armstrong that Mr. Ward had instructed him only to take seventy head, and that he had no authority to take any more; he would have taken more than seventy head of fat cattle, had there been more that he approved of; his instructions from Mr. Ward were to take 100 to 150 head of fat cattle, and if he could not get so many, to bring all he could; he was then prepared to pay for 150 head; on the night previous to his starting with the cattle, he told Mr. Armstrong that he was prepared to take 100 to 150 head fat cattle (paper produced and handed to witness). He remembered Mr. Armstrong saying that “he should hold the others at Mr. Ward’s risk;” Mr. Armstrong gave him a sealed letter or notice to give to Mr. Ward.

By the Court: Mr. Armstrong gave him (witness) no paper or document whatever addressed to himself; was quite positive that he never said to Mr. Armstrong that he had received instructions from Mr. Ward only to take seventy or seventy-two head of cattle.

Cross-examined by Mr. Jones: Had been in the colony over two years; had never been on this run before; he believed there were about 4000 head of cattle on this run at the time he went there; out of that number he saw between 2000 and 3000; he did not pick any cattle out of the stockyard on the first day; it was on the second day that he picked out the seventy-two; he was positive there were more than 100 bullocks at one time in the stockyard; he would not swear that Mr. Armstrong did not give him a written notice; what Mr. Armstrong gave him he gave to Mr. Ward; during his conversation with Mr. Armstrong Mr. Maginty was present; there were about 120 at one time in the yard taken from the mob of 1000 first brought in; of these 120 he picked the seventy-two bullocks that he took away; he would swear that he did not afterwards go out and draught in twelve more bullocks.

Arnold Maginty, recalled: Remembered last witness at Tooloombah station in February last; recollected seeing Mr. Armstrong hand Maginty a written notice which was open; he was present when Mr. Dickers spoke to Mr. Armstrong; he understood Mr. Dickers to say that he was not to take more than seventy head, or about seventy head; witness could have got in more cattle for Mr. Dickers to inspect had the latter chosen to do so; Mr. Dickers saw altogether about a fourth of the number of cattle on the run; there were about 120 bullocks in the stockyard whilst Mr. Dickers was there; of these Mr. Dickers selected sixty head; he did not according to his (witness’s) opinion choose the fattest bullocks; he went out the next day to get the other (twelve) that he took; they went out for the purpose of getting twelve or fourteen head; he did not remember who spoke of the twelve or fourteen head, but he supposed it was Mr. Dickers; they obtained these twelve cattle from two or three camps on the south of the run.

By Mr. Pring: The stockman and himself draughted the 120 head of cattle; it was next day that the twelve cattle more draughted; on the first day there were 120 head in the stockyard; of these Mr. Dickers selected sixty, and on the following day the remaining twelve cattle were drafted.

This evidence concluded the case.

Mr. Pring then addressed the jury, contending in his speech that the defendant had fulfilled his part of the contract, and that he was not legally bound to take delivery of any more cattle than such as he or his agent approved of, and that they had only taken such cattle as they approved of. The learned counsel was arguing that if any breaches of the agreement had been committed by his client in not going or sending to the station, either on the 10th December or the 10th of January, such breaches were waived by the subsequent act of the plaintiff’s agent, when he was interrupted by the learned judge, who stated that he should direct the jury that such breach of the agreement on the part of defendant was not waived by the subsequent acts of the plaintiff. Mr. Pring wound up his speech by a few jocular observations respecting Mr. Ward’s “breeches pocket,” and the difficulty he (Mr. P.) felt in pulling him out of them.

Mr. Jones replied in a humorous speech, in which he gave it as his opinion that his opponent’s address to the jury was a good deal more inspired by visions of his client’s “breeches pockets” than by the breeches themselves that he had so feelingly alluded to.

His Honor then carefully and deliberately summed up the evidence, directing the jury to find a verdict for the plaintiff, unless they disbelieved his witnesses. The only question they had to consider was that of damages. The defendant was liable at law for all the losses sustained by the plaintiff in the re-sale of the cattle and as the cattle were not sent for or taken away by defendant after purchasing them, plaintiff was entitled to re-sell them, and not wait for a purchaser. The measure of damages should be estimated, in his opinion, by the market price of the cattle when sold at the Nine-Mile Waterhole, and their contract price at Tooloombah. The defendant had pleaded his readiness to take all the fat cattle that he agreed for, but it had been shown that he could have taken delivery of more than seventy-eight cattle, which he only actually received. His case was that no more than that number were ready for delivery to him. It was for the jury to say whether this was the fact or not. The plaintiff, on the other hand, had refused, in April, to give delivery of fifty head of cattle, which defendant then only demanded, but was prepared to give delivery of the whole number of the cattle then due to defendant; consequently, plaintiff was not entitled to claim damages for defendant’s non-acceptance of the cattle in that month, as he had clearly prevented the latter from accepting them. He considered the plaintiff entitled to £25 damages for the loss by depreciation in the value of the cattle; also to £36 for driving expenses; also to £15 3s. for auctioneer’s expenses. It was for the jury to say whether he was entitled to more than this, but he could not claim for Mr. Feez’s commission, nor for Mr. Dick’s professional charges.

The jury, after retiring a short time, returned into court, having found a verdict for the plaintiff:—Damages, £170.

Friday, October 2, 2026

John Douglas addressing his Gladstone constituency March 1865

MR. JOHN DOUGLAS BEFORE HIS CONSTITUENTS AT GLADSTONE.

(FROM OUR GLADSTONE CORRESPONDENT.)

The Guardian (Brisbane), 10 March 1865, p. 3.

On the evening of Friday last, Mr. Douglas met and addressed a number of his constituents in the Queen's Hotel. There was a large attendance, the majority not being able to obtain accommodation within the room. Mr. Walsh, the member for Maryborough, also took part in the proceedings, and gave an exposition of his views on several matters of interest in the district.

On the motion of Alderman Browne, seconded by A. H. Browne, Esq., of Gin Gin, the Mayor took the chair. He opened the proceedings by declaring the object of the meeting, and introducing Mr. Douglas. He said it was usual for representatives to visit their constituencies occasionally, and give an account of their stewardship. In accordance with this excellent custom Mr. Douglas had determined to meet the electors and afford any information, or answer any questions on whatever matter of public interest might suggest itself to the meeting.

Mr. Douglas, on coming forward, was loudly cheered, and spoke as follows:—He had great pleasure in attending the meeting that evening. As had been observed by the worthy chairman, it was usual for representatives to meet their constituents occasionally, and explain what had occurred during past sessions of parliament, and what was likely to happen during the session that was about to commence. He had not come to deliver an elaborate address, but rather to hold a friendly conversation—more for the purpose of answering questions than for declaring a policy or principles—more to elicit the opinions of his constituents than to enunciate his own.

It was fully three years since he last had the pleasure of meeting with them in that room as a candidate for the representation of that district. There was at that time a much larger gathering than there was at present. He hoped this arose from no political apathy or indifference, or from a diminished regard for their mutual relationship as electors and representative.

At that time the railway policy of the Government was under discussion, and they naturally felt that that policy was forced on the country to their disadvantage, and to the exclusive benefit of the Southern districts of the colony. He had strenuously opposed that policy, and did his utmost to defeat it. But now the country was committed to it, and the question simply was how best to take advantage of it. He entirely repudiated factious opposition to the Government on this question.

He had identified himself with a distinct Opposition, solely because he had no confidence in the plans proposed by the Government, and because he believed the interests of the majority would be sacrificed to the wishes of a few. But that great question was now at rest. And it had been decided by the Parliament that the Government should take upon itself the construction of railways generally, and should commence with the line from Ipswich to Dalby.

Now, he had to accept that decision, and it only remained for them to consider what were their prospects of deriving any advantage from it. As the Southern portion of the colony is so likely to gain largely by the construction of railways, they too might look forward to similar advantages.

Now, what he had to say on this subject might be unpalatable to them, but he would speak as he felt, always having in view the general good of the country, and the particular benefit of his constituents. With regard to a railway from Gladstone to Rockhampton, that all were anxiously looking forward to, it would be a work of time. Eventually it would be constructed, but when it would be commenced, was a question much more difficult to determine.

He had just come from Rockhampton, and he had not observed there any extreme jealousy of Gladstone. All due allowance was made for your natural advantages—for your magnificent harbor and the situation of your town. But they said if we are to have seventy miles of railway constructed, by all means let us have it from the head of the navigation and to the westward, and not where there is already a navigable river.

The settlement of this question depends solely on the amount of pressure that can be brought to bear on individual members by their respective constituencies. Mr. Walsh may be expected to advocate a railway from Maryborough to Gayndah, and the member for the Kennedy or Mitchell, a line from Port Mackay to the Peak Downs. Every constituency is now looking for a railway to develop the resources of their district; but it is not possible that every constituency can be so accommodated.

With our small population and slender resources it is not possible for us to construct 500 miles of railway in Queensland at a cost of five millions of money. The time will no doubt come when that amount will be considered a trifle, but it has not arrived yet, and we must be content to wait for it.

A short time ago they commenced governing themselves with a revenue of only £100,000; now, they had accumulated a debt of a million sterling; but the time had not yet come when every constituency could be gratified with a railway.

His idea of carrying out a railway was different from what the Government had assumed. He considered that the land on either side of the line should be made to pay for the railway. Under such a system as that, a railway hence to Rockhampton might be carried out successfully. It might cost £700,000, but, under judicious regulations, the land would cover the entire cost.

There was a suicidal niggardliness with the public in dealing with Crown lands. They lose both time and money in hanging on for high prices. They must sell it in larger blocks, and at smaller rates, otherwise they would have to wait a long time for their railway.

Every constituency was continually hankering after public expenditure, and each one imagined that its claims were superior to all the rest. This was no peculiarity of Queensland constituencies; it was common to all districts in any country under the sun. [Here the speaker quoted from a paper on Canadian affairs, which went to show that favoritism was there the order of the day.] Some districts being under the special protection of governments, while others were altogether neglected.

Unfortunately, similar complaints could be made in Queensland, and it was the great difference paid to the Darling Downs that caused the people in the outlying districts to put in unreasonable claims which could not be satisfied. He had no doubt they felt that he had not obtained an adequate expenditure for their district. He had done his best, however, and obtained all that could be got.

Considering that their chief demand was for extra expenditure on the Dawson Road, he applied every year for a sum of money to be placed on the estimates for its maintenance and repair. Last year £800 was placed on the supplementary estimates for this purpose.

There was another important question on which he desired to say a little. That was the Provincial Councils Bill that had been passed by the Government. He did not approve of the measure as it stood, and he had endeavoured to amplify its provisions and render it more generally available. But he had been opposed by the Government, and had to content himself with the measure as they had introduced it.

The bill did not appear to have met with much favor, for few thought it worth their while to act upon it. Yet the measure was not to be despised, and he thought the people of Port Curtis would do well to take advantage of it.

Under the bill the members of the Provincial Council would be nominated by the Government. But they were empowered to expend all money voted by the Parliament for the district, and they were expected to advise the Government on matters generally connected with the district. Viewing it in this light, the establishment of a Provincial Council in Port Curtis might be a boon to the district.

He was glad to see Mr. Walsh present on that occasion, and he had no doubt he would have in that gentleman a cordial ally during the coming session. Mr. Walsh was more intimately connected with the district, and, doubtless, knew more of the inhabitants and their peculiar wants than he (Mr. Douglas) did himself. He thanked them for the cordial reception they had given him, and trusted that nothing would occur to disturb the friendly relations which subsisted between them.

Mr. Douglas resumed his seat, and was greeted with loud applause.

Mr. Bolimeade said he accepted the suggestion of Mr. Douglas, with reference to the object of the meeting, and would state his views on the railway question. He considered that a railway to Rockhampton would eventually cost less than the dredging of the Fitzroy. The dredge was at present raising nothing but white sand and the channels that were cut would be filled up as soon as opened. At Yaamba there was sufficient sand piled up to destroy the work of twenty dredges.

Mr. Douglas said it was true that the dredge was only raising white sand at present; but Mr. Francis had found a spit which might be easily cut through, and which was composed of mud instead of sand. If it was a mere question of spending a half-a-million of money in raising the sand of the Fitzroy and deepening channels that would immediately fill up again, then they might demur to the useless expenditure; but Mr. Francis was of opinion that the work could be satisfactorily performed. The population of the whole colony was about 60,000, scattered over a vast territory; and it was not for such a population to undertake works of great magnitude in every portion of the colony.

Mr. Friend said the cutting through the dense mud would be filled up as soon as it was opened by the loose sand. Besides the railway would be remunerative while the dredging would not. In England it was found that the passenger traffic returned a much larger profit to the shareholders than the goods traffic; and he was certain, from what he knew of the steamboat trade on the Fitzroy, that the passenger traffic on a railway to Rockhampton would alone pay all the working expenses of the line, and yield a profit in addition.

He said there were several other matters which he wished to refer to in the presence of Mr. Douglas and Mr. Walsh. It was very necessary that a lighthouse should be erected for the protection of shipping at Gatcombe Head. They had a rapidly increasing coast trade, and it was not too much to expect a considerable direct trade with England. It was the duty of the Government to erect a lighthouse on some prominent point, whence it would be recognised as a guide to the port, by vessels in the offing.

He also expressed his regret that the Chief Commissioner of Police had placed a sub-inspector, who was a stranger in the district, over Mr. Weir, who had been here ten years and upwards, and knew every inch of the country. The Commissioner was doing his best to destroy the efficiency of the force and bring it into contempt.

In reply to Mr. Friend, Mr. Douglas suggested that Mr. Seymour should be communicated with. With regard to the lighthouse, a select committee of the Legislative Assembly, with Mr. Joshua Peter Bell, as chairman, had taken voluminous evidence on the subject of coast lights, and had brought up and presented a report. It was found, however, that the recommendations involved the expenditure of so large an amount of money that the idea of carrying them out could not at the time be entertained.

The necessity for lighthouses was becoming every day more pressing, and he fully recognised the expediency of establishing one near the entrance to Port Curtis.

Mr. Walsh, in answer to a general call, then addressed the meeting as follows:—They had heard from their representative a brief exposition of his sentiments on matters of public policy, and now, as an elector of the district, he had much pleasure in moving a vote of confidence in Mr. Douglas.

It was not the first occasion of his meeting publicly with Mr. Douglas, although it was the first occasion on which he had the opportunity of stating his appreciation of the public services of that gentleman. His address, like his whole conduct, was marked by candour, and they might feel certain that he was a representative who never would mislead or deceive them.

The coming session would be a most important one for the North. With the increase in the number of their representatives they would be able to take a firm stand, and show a bold front. If the people were only true to themselves, they would exact from their members what was justly due, and inaugurate a new era in the history of Northern Queensland, and destroy the pernicious influence of the South. The ministers, too, must be taught that henceforth they must govern for Queensland, and not for the Darling Downs alone.

He did not think that the question of a railway would disturb the Government of the colony. The question of representation was of much greater importance. They had obtained six additional members, but larger concessions were required of the Parliament. They only accepted what they had got as an instalment of their rights.

It was but just to expect that Northern interests should be represented in the Legislative Council, as well as in the Legislative Assembly. At present the South monopolised all the influence of the Council, which did not contain a single member from the North. They had five-sixths of the population, and contributed five-sixths of the revenue, but yet they were entirely unrepresented.

Again, the gold-fields of the district wanted proper development. The Government appeared almost to ignore their existence. They had a pet field of their own at Talgai, to whose interests all other fields must bow. The Minister for Lands and Works was there the other day, and made a speech to an admiring audience. Of course he praised Talgai, and all that it contained. He said it was in fact the only gold-field in the colony.

But it was no new thing for the Minister of Lands to make such rash assertions. Perhaps it was all the rasher from being post-prandial. Was it from a constitutional love of telling the truth or from a desire of fostering one district at the expense of another that the Minister for Lands came out so boldly? The Peak Downs gold-fields have yielded fifty times as much gold as Talgai, and the Calliope diggings are by far more productive than any gold-field in Southern Queensland.

In his opinion the question of the capital of the colony had yet to be settled. Had Port Curtis been as wretched a harbor as Moreton Bay, it might have been more highly regarded by the Government, and Gladstone might have been constituted the capital of the territory. Before separation Sir George Bowen confessed to Mr. Eliott and myself that Brisbane ought not to be the capital of the colony, and he promised that before the question of the capital should be settled, he would appoint a commission to take evidence and report. He appears, however, to have entirely forgotten that promise.

This question has been entirely overlooked by northern constituencies, but he trusted that when the next general election took place, it would not be lost sight of. It was with the northern electors to say whether or not a wretched town, within forty or fifty miles of the southern frontier, should continue to be the capital of the colony.

He thanked the meeting for the reception they had accorded him, and concluded amongst much cheering with moving a vote of thanks to Mr. Douglas.

In returning thanks, Mr. Douglas said that it was impossible that Brisbane could remain the capital of Queensland, if the vast territory bearing that name were to remain undivided. But he looked forward to the subdivision of the territory; and he advised the electors to have this eventuality continually before them.

The revenue at present received from the Port Curtis district and the north was greater than the whole revenue of Queensland before separation. He believed in small colonies. He also believed in population as the basis, the only legitimate, basis of representation; and, believing this, he held with Mr. Walsh and the northern districts were not yet adequately represented.

In conclusion, he would say that he would never shrink from what he conscientiously believed to be his duty, and would hold to his principles, irrespective of party feeling or private interest.

He was one of those who considered that every elected member of the Assembly should consider himself not merely as the representative of a particular district, but, as the representative of the whole colony. He should study the good of the majority, and not the particular advantage of those who elected him as their member.

He was happy in having Mr. Walsh as a coadjutor, and he tendered that gentleman his thanks for the manner in which he had spoken of him. (Mr. D.)

He concluded with moving thanks to the Mayor, for his kindness in presiding.

Three cheers were then given for Mr. Douglas, three for Mr. Walsh, and one for the Mayor, and the meeting separated.

Inauguration of the School of Arts, Rockhampton, February 1865

Rockhampton Bulletin and Central Queensland Advertiser, 25 February 1865, p. 2.

Yesterday evening at eight o'clock, the new School of Arts building was opened by an address from J. Douglas, Esq., M.L.A., followed by an amateur concert. Notwithstanding the state of the weather, which was very unpropitious, a large audience, many of whom were ladies, assembled at the celebration. The proceedings commenced by the SECRETARY reading the following report:—

“The Building Committees have the pleasure to inform subscribers, that their duties are now nearly at an end, and that in a few days the Hall in which we are now assembled will be completed and ready for the use of the Institution.

“It was only in August last that it was attempted to resuscitate the School of Arts, and subscriptions came in so rapidly that in the beginning of October the committee considered themselves in a position to call for tenders, and accepted that of Messrs. Dowland and Hartley, who have executed their contract in a manner highly creditable, and which meets with the approval of the architect.

“The cost of the building with fittings and extras, will be £1100, of which sum £976 17s. may be considered as paid. The balance, £123 3s. will be paid by bills, and will be the only debt on the building. The amount subscribed (including £53 14s. 6d. collected in 1862) is £517 9s. 6d., of which £488 8s. 6d. is paid. This, with the Government endowment for a like amount, (£478, already received,) makes, as above stated, £976 17s.

“The committee have to acknowledge from Messrs. Laing and Den Taffe the handsome donation of their commission, which appears as a subscription, thus entitling us to an equivalent amount from Government.

“In conclusion, the Building Committees trust that they have discharged their duties to the satisfaction of the subscribers, and hope that the proceeds of this evening's entertainment and the ball next week will do much to reduce the debt on the building.”

Mr. JOHN DOUGLAS, M.L.A., President of the institution, then rose and said:-

Ladies and gentlemen, founders and patrons of the School of Arts at Rockhampton,—It has been my pleasing duty on several occasions to meet you, and to confer with you on matters of public moment to your town and district. The topics of our conversation on these occasions have certainly been of a character most interesting to us both, for they have involved the consideration of our political circumstances and the principles by which I should be guided in attempting to represent you in the Legislature of this country.

On the present occasion, however, I am called upon to give expression to your thoughts on a class of subjects, which, though intimately connected with politics, will admit of a separate classification, and are certainly of an earlier formation (to borrow an illustration from geology) than the State of Queensland, or even than the still more primitive rock—that indestructible British constitution, which, like granite itself, is composed of three elemental principles, and has been not inappropriately symbolised as those rampant and pugnacious animals, the lion and the unicorn, who are always fighting with each other about the crown, but who only lay aside those animosities which belong to their animal nature when they are called upon to face a common foe.

Yes, ladies and gentlemen, the constitution under which we are conceived to-day is older than Magna Charta,—older than Saxon Wittemagamot or Roman Pandect, for it is contemporary with the first dawn of civilisation, and it professes to deal with matters which are not only national but which are social, and in which the whole family of man are alike concerned.

Under it—under this constitution, which is exceeding broad, and which owes its existence to no earthly lawgiver, we exercise a franchise not defined as either freehold or leasehold nor of any fixed annual value whatever, but one which is universally recognised, and which is binding wherever thoughts can reach, and over which is monarch the ever-present Spirit, the bountiful Father of life and light.

I will not dwell on this—I only ask you to look for one moment, thankfully and reverently, at the radiant source of all thought and all knowledge, and then, turning from this sight which, in its perfection, is too bright for mortal vision to rest on, let me ask you to consider the immediate work which we have in hand to-day.

We meet, then, to-day, to inaugurate a School of Arts at Rockhampton. It is scarcely ten years since the first School of Arts was erected near the spot where we are now assembled. It was in 1855 that the late Mr. Charles Archer, the patriarch of the Fitzroy, pitched his tent at Gracemere. It was in that same year that Mr. John Palmer, your respected townsman, built the first habitation within these municipal boundaries near to those Rocks on the river, which suggested to Mr. Wiseman the name which you now bear.

I am not, therefore, as some might suppose, the first President of the first School of Arts in Rockhampton. Mr. Palmer, you see, preceded me by several years, and your artificers, who have followed him and worked on in the school of civilisation and colonisation, are now making me, to illustrate each branch of human art, a co-operative system.

Education, once a watchword of strife and distrust, has become the theme of dispassionate discussion and accurate analysis. Not only in Lancashire and in Yorkshire do we recognise the intelligent love of order which characterises the mass of those who in our country are engaged in industrial pursuits, but throughout Europe; in Italy, the hope of Europe, we see the same admirable spirit animating the ranks of labour.

What can be more encouraging than to observe that at Naples even,—Naples but lately the seat of a corrupt and corrupting tyranny,—at Naples, where the people were thought to be so demoralised and degraded, such marked testimony has lately been given to the cause of a well-ordered monarchy by the great body of its operatives. Men who but a few short years ago were looked upon as the most dangerous exponents of subversive socialism.

Yet the signs of the times are not invariably favourable: the great ebb and flow of the tide of human progress advance and recedes with equal step. We hear a good deal about the measures to be taken to cleanse away the corruptions of our great cities: we hear less, I suspect, of the frightful extent of those corruptions—the result of our civilisation.

We are often felicitated on our national prosperity and the grandeur of our commercial supremacy; yet our flatterers forget to tell us that in the great emporiums of our industry one-half of the children who are born fade out and die before they are five years old. It is somewhat startling in these days of science and of sanitary reform, to be told that it takes but ten years of Indian sun, and Indian filth, and Indian arrack, to rot off an average regiment of English soldiers. Yet so it has been.

The enemy within our gates is not less terrible, and far more subtle, than the enemy without; and it is against these destructive energies—these hidden powers of darkness, that (let us hope not in vain) the teachings of science and the methods of art are being reverently invoked.

All this we learn, all this we may continue to learn, from the periodical literature to which you will have access in this room; but as experience guides you, you will of course desire to extend your operations.

A free library, containing standard works for reference and study, may perhaps be established. You may become really and truly a School of Arts, with regularly appointed masters of art to give precise instruction. There are many Schools of Arts now in England, which have passed out of the eras of blackboards and discursive lectures—such as this—and are really educating mechanics in their arts.

The vast improvement in all the branches of ceramic art, are, I believe, attributed to careful instruction imparted in Schools of Design and Art. But whether you attain to this or not, you ought at least to keep up the standard of knowledge in this town; and it will be your object and your duty to promote everything which is humanising and civilising.

As a community of colonists, your prospects for the future are most encouraging; you have a highway to the ocean along your noble river—you can add house to house in confidence that no enemy from without can make you afraid.

The construction of railways will open out a country of vast extent and great resources; you will buy and sell in the markets of the world; your climate, though for three months in the year the heat is distressing, is by no means injurious to those who will take care of themselves.

Moreover, I suppose that by-and-by, we shall have laid aside those most rampant John Bullisms, which in these latitudes are an insult to common sense. Black hats have, I am happy to see, succumbed to solar topies; black coats are, though intrepidly retreating, gradually losing ground in favour of China silks, or grass cloth fabrics. Thus we shall gradually establish innovations, and by-and-bye, we shall become quite reformed when the merchants of Singapore and Shanghai pay you visits in those monthly eastern steamers which you may shortly expect.

With the thermometer over 100 degrees in the shade, as I am told it was last week, they will certainly tell you that somehow or another you must supply yourselves with ice, and I suspect they will delicately hint to you that brandy and those other highly British distilled mixtures are the very Devil, in spite of their contributions to the revenue.

They will tell you, if you do not know it already, that the nearer you approach the equator the more intense is the malignity of those evil spirits with which we are so familiar, and that the followers of the prophet of Mecca are certainly actuated by humane, if only human insight, when they discourage among the votaries of their faith the use of stimulants so especially noxious under a tropical sun.

India, in connexion with this subject, I had some thoughts of proposing, in my office of President, that one of our first efforts in art should be directed to the discovery of a grateful beverage suited to our circumstances. But at the outset of my inquiry I was met with the difficulty that your water—necessarily the basis of all beverages, is far from being good, and that in the first place, and before making any fresh discoveries in mixture, we must obtain a good supply—pure and plentiful.

There is one other little matter about which I must say a few words. You have elected me your President. For that I thank you much, but in future I think your office-bearers ought to be more intimately interested and concerned in the working of the institution than I can be; but my reign is happily limited to six months from my election, and I shall then gladly resign in favour of some one more intimately connected with you.

He will, doubtless, extend your borders, and when I revisit this town, a year by year I hope to do, I shall, no doubt, find that you have availed yourselves of all fitting opportunities for making this institution not only useful and edifying, but also attractive and popular in the best sense of the word.

If I may hint at some further improvements, I would say we must have venetian shutters for our windows, we ought to have lots of good water laid on, and of course a comfortable bath-room. As we grow rich (besides all the lecture rooms for the learned) I must bespeak a coffee-room and a smoking-room, if you please, for idle talkers and light literature.

But permit me to explain myself. My ideas of development and progress are limited; I have not yet arrived at billiards—our school is not at present prepared to admit of this illustration of the science of angles; I must distinctly affirm that in this matter my principles are fixed and conservative. Anything else in reason; anything that will please and instruct the community; anything, in fact, harmless, which will conduce to the enjoyment of life—that life which is not intended to be a mere struggle for existence in a crowd, where the weakest must go to the wall, but a life practically embodying the great truth, that there are higher objects of existence than either wealth or power; that intellectual capacity alone is not the chief aim and end of man; but that in all states of life, and under every sky on the face of dear Mother Earth, infinite sources of happiness and comfort are accessible to the living soul of man.

“What is chiefly needed at the present day is to show the quantity of pleasure that may be obtained by a constant well-administered competence, modest, confessed, and laborious. We need examples of people who, leaving Heaven to decide whether they are to rise in the world, decide for themselves that they will be happy in it, and have resolved to seek not greater wealth, but simpler pleasure—not higher fortune, but deeper felicity; making the first of possessions self-possession, and honouring themselves in harmless pride and calm pursuits of peace.”

These last are “golden words,” the words of Ruskin, (“Ad valorem”) one of the greatest living masters of art. This building may indeed most appropriately be dedicated with harmless pride to the calm pursuits of peace.

To those purposes I now declare that the present and new School of Arts at Rockhampton flourish and abound.

Mr. Douglas, who had been frequently cheered during his address, sat down amidst loud and long continued applause. When the cheering had subsided, his Worship the MAYOR proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Douglas, which was seconded by Captain HUNTER, and carried by acclamation.

After a short interval, the amateur concert was opened by an adagio of Westerholz, well executed by the Volunteer Brass Band, under the direction of Mr. Draeger. This was followed by the Integer vitæ, a glee sung by five amateurs, led by Mr. Feez, which was loudly applauded and encored. Mr. Feez's usually fine voice did not appear to be equal to the higher notes of this adagio—he was obliged to attack in falsetto, and the notes were rather indistinct—probably the newness of the hall had much to do with this. The glee was encored, and a German glee “Springs to Life,” was substituted.

A solo on the pianoforte by Mr. Burnet, was so well played that it merited an encore, when one of Mendelssohn's compositions was given. The duet by Messrs. Feez and Herat, “I would that my love,” one of Mendelssohn Bartholdy's most exquisite airs, was most artistically rendered, Mr. Herat's voice coming out with great effect. It was loudly applauded. “Phoebe Dearest,” a solo by Mr. Pollock, was loudly encored, and he then gave “Good bye, sweetheart, good bye,” though not with the same effect as the first, but the piano accompaniment rather drowned his voice, which is not of the strongest.

“Robert toi que J'aime” was sung by Mr. Feez in a style rarely surpassed by amateur; and when he sat down a unanimous encore being demanded, he substituted the “Tempest of the Heart,” which was loudly applauded. The gem of the glees of the evening, however, was “Hail, smiling morn,” sung by Messrs. White, Bailey, Pollock, Johnson and Chisholm; this was rapturously, and we may say, deservedly encored, but the encore was not carried off with that entrain that distinguished the first; it wanted vivace movement.

A waltz, played by the Volunteer Band, under the direction of Mr. Draeger, was well executed and applauded; and this concluded the first part of the programme.

The second part was opened by Polonaise, beautifully played by the string band. Mendelssohn's glee “Beautiful Forest,” followed, and merited an encore. Mr. Bailey's “Madoline” was also encored, and he sang part of it again, to the evident delight of the audience. For the solo on the harmonium by Mr. Burnet, a duet on the piano by Messrs. Reddick and Burnet was substituted, and the manner in which it was played elicited an encore. “Home of my Heart,” sung by Mr. Feez, was, in our opinion, his greatest achievement during the night; he seemed to have recovered all his voice, and he gave the song with a tenderness and pathos that displayed the consummate artiste, if not the feeling man. The song was loudly applauded, but Mr. Feez was too fatigued to come again on the platform.

The ceremony concluded by the Band playing the National Anthem, after which the company separated, highly pleased with the evening's entertainment.